Apparatus for forming sheet metal and sheet metal formed thereby



A. S. BIORDI EIAL March APPARATUS FOR FORMING SHEET METAL AND SHEET METAL FORMED THEREBY 9 Sheets-Sheet l F'iled- Jan. 20. 1951 A. s. BIORDI ETAL March 1954 APPARATUS FOR FORMING SHEET METAL 257L492 AND SHEET METAL FORMED THERBBY Filed Jan. 20. 1951 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 .llrroxusy.

March 9, 1954 A s. BIORDI ET AL APPARATUS FOR FORMING SHEET METAL 2'671'492 AND SHEET METAL FORMED THEREBY Filed Jan. 120. 1951 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 flwzxr SIB/anal INVENToRS 4 thick M. MRNgE ATTQRNEX March 1954 A. s! BIORDI ETAL 2571.492

APPARATUS FOR FORMING SHEET METAL Filed Jan. I 1951 AND SHEET MEIFAL FORMED THEREBY 9 sheets sheet 4 fl 'Hlllu \/w :2 ALBERT til-B10120! I'WENTORS' W 4 Jae/r M. WHEN-5R Arron/v6).

March 9, 1954 A. s. BIORDI ETAL 2,671,492

APPARATUS FOR FORMING SHEET METAL AND SHEET METAL FORMED THEIREBY Filed Jan. 20. 1951 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS. flwskr ,5. BIORD/ 4 BY Jqcg 1'1. MIR

. ATTORNEY.

s. BIORDI ETAL 71.492 FOR FORMING SHEET METAL METAL FORMED THEREBY 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 March 9, 1954 A I APPARATUS Filed Jan. 20, 1951 AND SHEET I III! I Ill/ll I! 4 gar flrroxwsy.

. MRNE m INVENTORJ,

Hz BY (fir/r M 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 March 9; 1954 A. s. BI'ORDI a-rAL APPARATUS FOR FORMING swam METAL AND SHEET METAL FORMED THEREBY Filed Jan. 20. 1951 mm QQ n WWW hm A Q I March 9, 1954 q. BIORDI HAL 2.671.492

A. APPARATUS FOR FORMING SHEET METAL Filed Jam 20 1951 AND SHEET METAL FORMED THEREBY 9 sheets sheet 8 full- JqLBERT .5 B10201 A (lack M WRNER A T TORNE y.

March 9, 1954 A. s. BIORDI ETAL 257L492 APPARATUS FOR FORMING SHEET METAL AND SHEET METAL FORMED THEREBY 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Jan. 20. 1951 v 5 mm m R m FM 7 m A M mm 5% wa Y TB m e L A w Patented Mar. 9, 1954 APPARATUS FOR FORMING SHEET METAL AND SHEET METAL FORMED THEREBY Albert S. Biordi, Reseda, and Jack M. Warner, I Torrance, Galif., assignors to The H. I. Thompson Company, Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California Application January 20, 1951, Serial No. 207,044

16 Claims. (01. 153-76) This invention relates to an insulation and acoustical blanket and to the foil employed in the manufacturing of the envelope for such insulation or acoustical blanket, and also to machinery for making such foil for such use.

Blankets now primarily employed for high temperature insulation for surfaces of Jet and gas turbine engines are constructed of layers of batting oi silica or glass fibers encased in a metallic foil envelope. The envelope formed of thin sheets of metal foil is used as a reflective surface to act as a radiation shield to cut down the loss of heat from the heated surfaces which are insulated by the blankets.

Since there is danger of fuel leaks from such jet engines, foils of sheet stainless steel, formerly sheet silica foil, are employed to form envelopes with sealed edges to seal the porous batting and prevent the accumulation of fuel in the batting which otherwise would create a severe fire hazard. Such envelopes also give added strength to the blanket, particularly when glass fiber or silica fiber is employed. This batting has relatively low mechanical strength so that the fibers tend to break and powder, thus reducing its insulating quality.

Such blankets are frequently formed to fit over curved surfaces, such as cylindrical or conical sections of jet engines and gas turbines, and the envelopes are thus of a form which approximates the geometric development of the surface to be covered.

In forming the foil envelopes for the blanket of this invention. we groove or corrugate the foil of the envelope which is to be placed closest to the surface to be insulated by the blanket, called the hot side. The grooves or corrugations are placed parallel to the generating element of the surface. Thus, for cylindrical surfaces, the grooves are parallel to each other and for conical surfaces they form an acute angle with each other related to the angle of the cone which is to be covered.

It is a feature of our invention that the edges of the corrugated blanket are so formed that the-blanket is of substantially uniform thickness to its edges. This is accomplished by so forming the edge of the sheet that it may be overfolded to form a sealed edge-without substantially compressing the flbers of the batting. This is accomplished by pleating the foil adjacent the ends of the groove and bending the adjacent foil along its longitudinal edge into an arcuate form to provide room for the batting when the longitudinal edges of the foil are overfolded.

By so forming the envelope we may overfold the longitudinal edge ends of the upper and lower foils of the envelope without, as is the case with prior art blankets, compressing the edges of the batting.

We have also devised a machine for corrugating the foil and forming the edges of the foil for the above purpose. We provide a grooving die and means for forming successive grooves at the desired angular relation to each other. We also provide means-for pleating the edges of the sheet at the ends of the grooves, and provide means for forming the adjacent portions of the foil to form an arcuate edge to the sheet.

For such purpose we have devised a grooving, pleating, and forming press containing a grooving die in which a foil groove is formed and an indexing slot means to receive the grooved foil and to hold the sheet to form the desired angle between successive grooves so that they shall ,be along the generating lines of the developed surfaces. We also provide an edge-holding and pleating die to form the arcuate ends referred to above.

These and other objects of our invention will be described in connection with the drawings. in which Fig. 1 is a vertical front view of the forming press of our invention;

Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2-1 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 33 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a detail of the control mechanism for control of the vertical movement of the male die;

Fig. 5 is a perspective of the die assembly;

Fig. 8 is a detail section taken on line 8-4 of Fig. 1, showing the positioning of the female dies and indexing slots;

Fig. 'l is a section taken on line 1-1 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a section taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 10 shows a perspective view of a modification of the holding die:

Fig. 10a is a view similar to Fig. '7, showing the positioning of the die of Fig. 10;

Fig. '11 is an exploded view or the male pleatins die;

Fig. 12 is an exploded view of the female groovins, pleating, and indexing dies;

Fig. 12a is a sectional view taken on line lie-42a of Fig. 1, showing the dies separated;

Fig. 12!: is a section taken on line lib-lib of Fig. 1;

I Fig. 12c is a fragmentary side view of Fig. 121:;

Fig. 12d is a bottom view of Fig. 12c;

Fig. 13 is a somewhat schematic showing of the mechanism in position in the first sta e of the grooving operation;

- blocks are assembled side by side between clamp- Fig. 14 is a section taken on line I4I4 of Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is a side view of Fig. 16;

-Fig. 16 is a somewhat schematic and fragmentary view showing the second stage of the operation showing the engagement of the edge-holding mechanism;

Fig. 17 is a somewhat schematic the engagement of the pleating die;

Fig. 18 is a section taken on line I8-I8 of Fig. 16;

Fig. 19 is Fig. 17;

Fig. 20 is a somewhat schematic view showing the last stage of the cycle of operation of formation of the pleat and curved edge;

Fig. 20a is a modification of the male holding die shown in Fig. 11;

Fig. 21 is a plan view of a fragment of the foil showing the groove in its initial form;

Fig. 22 is the same foil showing the forming of the pleat and arcuate end;

Fig. 23 shows the position of the succeedin grooves;

Fig. 24 is a section taken on line 24-24 of Fig. 21;

Fig. 25 is a section Fig. 22;

Fig. 26 is a section taken on line 26-26 of Fig. 23;

Fig. 27 shows an enlarged detail of the pleated arcuate end of the grooved foil;

Fig. 28 is a section taken on line 28-28 of Fig. 27;

Fig. 29 is the same view as Fig. 27, but showing the position of the section lines of the succeeding figures;

Fig. 30 is a section Fig. 29;

Fig. 31 is a section taken on line 3I3I of Fig. 29;

Fig. 32 is an end view of Fig. 29;

Fig. 33 shows the developed corrugated foil for use in a blanket to cover a conical pipe;

Fig. 34 shows the blanket formed from the foil of Fig. 33 and curled for illustrative purposes;

Fig. 35 shows how the blanket may be positioned in a conical tail pipe of a jet plane;

Fig. 36 is a section taken on line 36-36 of Fig. 34;

Fig. 36a is a section taken perpendicularly to the section on line Mia-36a. i. e., on 36a of Fig. 36;

Fig. 37 shows a formed sheet such as may be employed in forming a blanket for a cylindrical pipe; and

Fig. 33 illustrates a blanket formed from such sheet and positioned on such a cylindrical pipe.

The press is formed of a bed I, suitably supported on ends 2. The bed carries the female grooving die 4, shown in Figs. 2, 5, and 6. This is formed of an elongated bar carrying a longitudinal groove I and a flange 8. Suitably slotted clamping bars placed on the flange and held to the base clamp the die to the bed. The angularity of the die and its position on the bed may thus be adjusted by moving the die with respect to the clamping bars on the bed.

Extending longitudinally of the bed (see Fig. 1) is a slotted horizontal vertical bar or flange II which is affixed to the bed by suitable bolts. A plurality of die blocks carry a groove I8 between the top flat surfaces of the die block I2. These showing 01 a section taken on line I9--l9 of taken on line 25-25 of taken on line 30 20 of ing plates I3 with notch I2a on the flange I I and held in place on the flange II by the bolts I4 which pass through suitably provided slots in the die blocks, clamping plates and the flange. An elongated female die is thus obtained. Mounted on the flange at each end of the assembled die blocks I2 is a pleating die I5 (see Figs. 2, 3, 6, and 12) having a curved groove I1, having a vertical section which is convex upwardly, which-registers at one end with the groove I8 of the die block I2. Flanking the groove is acurved surface II of like curvature but disposed at a higher elevation than the base of the groove I1. The flat top face I5, formed as a flat extension of the pleating die I5, is at a lower level than the top face I3 of the die blocks I2 to meet the downwardly curved faces iii of the block I5, between which faces the curved groove I1 is positioned. The position of the die blocks I2 and the pleating dies may be altered by moving them on the flange II to th desired location.

The holding dies 20 and 2| are mounted on each side of the female pleating die I5. They are coplanar and conform to the surfaces I5 and II, respectively. The dies are assembled and held in place on the flange I by the pins 22 which pass through the dies and the flange II. It will be observed that there are two pleating dies of the same construction, one at each end of thedie block assembly, and that each of these dies I5 is flanked by holding dies.

The indexing dies 23 are grooved and formed in identical fashion to the pleating dies I5 with a curved face 24, like I6, curved groove 25, like I1, and flat face 26, like I5. This die is mounted on a bracket 21. It is grooved to slidably fit over the flange 21' and is held by the set screw 23'. The bracket 21 carries a pivot hole 28. A hub plate 29 carrying bolt holes 30, a hub 3I, and a bore 32 may be clamped to the flange I I by means of suitable bolts, and a pin 33 passes through the bores 32 and 28. An index 34 and a protractor 35 may be provided to measure angular adjustment of the bracket 21 and the index die 23 about the axis of the pin 33. The position of the die longitudinally of the flange may be adjusted by positioning the bolts 36, and the angular relationship of the slots 25 with respect to the face of the flange II may be adjusted by rotation of the bracket 21 about the pin 33. The position of the index block along the flange 21' may also be adjusted by sliding the block along the flange. It will be observed that two such index block assemblies are provided, one adjacent each female pleating die I5.

The male grooving die 31 (Figs. 2, 3, l2a-b, and 13) is mounted on a bracket 38 between clamping blocks 39 on the verticalslide 40. The edge 4| of grooving die enters the groove of the female grooving die I. The lateral position of the male grooving die in respect to the bed of the press is adjusted by positioning the male grooving die on the bracket 38 which extends along the length of the slide 40 and is provided with suitable transverse slots positioned at intervals. The slots being elongated, the angular position of the die 31 with respect to the face of the slide 40 may also be adjusted. The male grooving die 31 may thus be fixed parallel to and mating with the female grooving die 'I. v

The male holding die (see Figs. 2, 3. and '7 to 11, 12, 12b. 13, and 20a) is formed of a plurality of abutting blocks, shown as four, to-wit, 43a to 430, inclusive, each provided with a T head 43 as to fit into the T slot 53'.

. 4 5 and a square-faced knife edge 44 and adjacent faces 44' between which the knife is positioned. The square-faced knife edge 44 of each block is such as to mate and register with the grooves I8 of the die blocks l2 and with adjacent faces 44' registering with faces IQ of the die block 12.

The end die blocks 43a and 43d have vertical slots 42 formed in their outer faces. The blocks are slid into the T slots 53' formed in the T slide 53. The pleating die 48 is formed with a T head extension bracket 42acarrying a suitabl bore so The vertical rib 42a is formed in the outer face of the pleating die 45 to enter and engage with the slots 42. By passing a stud through the bore 420 and suitably disposed bore in the T slot, the dies are fixed in the slot and hold the die blocks in a fixed position in the slot. v

The pleating di 46 positioned at each end of the die has a knife 44 similar to the vertical section of which is convex upwardly, and

forms a curved extension of the knife edge 44 to form the curved pleating knife 44 which is the pleating die 45 (see Figs. Band 9) and fiat surfaces 48' positioned at the end of the knife so that it conforms with the surfaces I5 and i6 and the groove ll of the female pleating die. Thus, when the pleating and holding dies are placed in the die blocks I2, the knife edge 44 enters the groove I8 and the knife edge 45' enters and conforms with the groove 11 which has a like curvature to the knife edge 45, and the fiat surfaces 44 (see Figs. 18 and 19) rest on the surfaces IQ of thedie block 12 and the surface 46' on the surfaces I5 and ii. The knives referred to above are not formed to have a cutting edge, but have a cross section which conforms with that of the mating female die.

The sides of the holding blocks 41 (see Figs. 7 8, 9, 11, 12) are grooved at 48 so that they slide over the slides 46 formed on both sides of the pleating dies. The holding blocks 41, at their lower ends, are curved at 49 to conform with the curved surfaces 2| of the holding dies 20. These holding blocks have a flat surface 50 which conforms with the fiatsurface 2| of the holding dies 2.. Compression springs 5| are mounted in the bores 52 of the sliding holding blocks 41 and underneath the T slot 53 in which the T head 43 is mounted. The blocks 41 are provided with a slot 54 so that they can slide over a pin 55 which passes through the bore 58 in the slide 46'.

Figs. 10 and 10a show a modification of the construction wherein a. groove 48' is provided in the face of the holding die on the other side of the groove 48. An elongated slot 54' is provided and two pins 55 are employed to hold the plate 50' in the groove. This construction prevents any tipping of the die about the pin.

The T slide 53 is mounted longitudinally of slide 40 on brackets 51 positioned at the ends of the rods 58 which arecarried in bearings 59 positioned on the slide 40. The rods are clamped in brackets 60 positioned on the slide 40 by means of heavy tension springs 6|, bolts 62 and'adiusting bolts 63 on threads 64 formed in the rods 58.

The slide 40 is reciprocated by the link 65 (see Fig. 2) which is pivoted on the slide at 64 and on the frame by means of th link 66 pivoted on the frame at 51 and on the link 55 at pivot 68. The link 65 is pivoted to the piston rod 10 at 53 and the cylinder H is pivoted on the frame at 12. At one end of the structure is a motion limit mechanism (see Figs. 1 and 4). A switch mechanism 13 is mounted at the end of the frame 2. A micromslide 40. An upper slide carrying a pin 8| slid-' ably positioned on the ruler 15 by set screw 82 is also provided. The position of the micrometer on the scale is fixed by the set screw 16 and the microm'eter I1 makes a fine adjustment of the posi tion of trip 14-. The switch '13 is actuated on contact with either 8| or 14.

Having erected and leveled the press so that the bed plate I of the press is level, the die blocks l2 and the holding and pleating dies I5 and 46 are assembled in the T slot 53 so that the female and male dies register. The nuts 63 are adjusted so that the T slot is level and uniform compression of the male and female die occurs across the longitudinal length thereof. The clamping blocks 9 are adjusted so that the angle which the center line of the die groove 1 of the grooving die 4 makes with the center line of the slot 3 of the assembled die block I2 is the required angle for the surface elements of the developed surface being grooved. Thus, it may be an acute angle for the form shown in Fig. -33 or parallel for form shown in Fig. 37. The brackets 21 are adjusted on the fiange H so that one index die is adjacent each female pleating die and the index dies are longitudinally separated on the center line passing through the groove of the indexing die at a distance equal to the longitudinal separation of the female pleating die on the center line passing through the grooves. The brackets 21 are adjusted about their pins 32 and the blocks 23 are positioned on the fiange 21,

' so that the center line of the grooves 25 of each the center line of such grooves bears .to the cen-. v ter line of the groove. 1 of the die block 4. The

distance between the outside parallel faces of the adjacent blocks 41 at each end of the die 43 is equal at least to the interval between the said'center lines measured at the corresponding ends of the die 43.

The operation of this press will be described when employed in forming the corrugated elongated foil with cupped longitudinal ends which we have developed for use with insulating blankets. It will be understood that sheet metal of various thicknesses may be employed, depending upon the power of the press to form these sheets.

The cross sectional form of the grooves'may be altered and the angular relationship thereof also altered, depending upon the function for which the sheet is designed.

Thus, sheet material, such as stainless steel sheet of about 0.002" thickness (such sheets are herein referred to as foils [3) formed into an elongated sheet of width, preferably not less than the'length of the male grooving die, is fed in a direction of the length of the sheet and transversely to the die. One end is positioned over the die 4 and a switch (not shown) may be manually actuated to start the hydraulic pump to actuate the piston in cylinder H. The piston ascends, causing the slide 40 to descend, and the male die 31 enters the female grooving die 6 (see Fig. 13). When fully entered the pin 13 which has been previously adjusted for such purpose opens the circuit and cuts off pressure in the cylinder I. When the circuit is again manually closed the pump is actuated to cause the piston 10 to descend and the slide thus ascends. The

sac-21,492

maximum upper limit of the stroke is controlled by the position of the contact 8| which trips the notch 13.

A groove 88 is thus formed which extends across the width of the sheet 84 from edge to edge (see Figs. 21-24). The groove has a U- shaped cross section, as'shown in Fig. 26. when the groove 83 is formed the sheet 84 is lifted from the grooving die 4. The sheet 84 is new advanced and the groove 83 is positioned in the 10 die blocks l2, the groove fitting inside the grooves 18. On the next descent of the slide; a second groove 85, similar to 83, is formed in the female die 4. Simultaneously the holding and pleating dies 43 and 41 and the female dies 12 and I5 15 function in the following mariner. when the slide descends the blocks 41 first contact the sheet 84 at 88, i. e., in the area of 84 (see Fig. 22) adjacent to and on both sides of the groove. which is thus clamped between the curved sur- 2o face 48 of the block 41 and the curved surface 2| of the holding block 29 and between the flat surface 2| of the block and the fiat surface 58 of the block 41. Thus, at the corresponding longitudinal edges the sheets are curved down- 5 wardly into a portion at 81 (Fig. curved transversely of the longitudinal edge of the sheets, and a fiat, i. e., horizontal, flange portion at 88. As the slide 40 continues to descend, the springs 5| compress, holding the edges 86 on 30 both sides of the groove 83 against displacement on the holding surfaces and thus smooth. However, since the portion of the sheet between the blocks 20,- i. e., between the inner faces 89 and 80 of the blocks 41 (see Figs. '1, 8, and 18) is not restrained it tends to cup due to the curling of the curved flange formed when the holding dies meet. The transverse section of the cupped flange is thus convexed upwardly. As the slide 40 continues in its descent, the blade 44 and 40 the curved blade 48' enter the groove 83 and force it into the groove 18 and the curved groove l1. The excess metal in the cupped portion is thus locally pleated between the meeting surfaces of IS and 46. The form'of the pleat is a box pleat, as illustrated in Fig. 31. Since there is a greater excess of metal at the curvedsurface 81 than at the horizontal surfaces of the flange positioned over l5 of the pleating die 55 or over l8 of the longitudinal holding die, the pleat is 50 wider over the curved surface and becomes triangular in shape as it progresses outwardly in both directions away from the curved surface in the form of a generally diamond-shaped pleat. Thus (see Fig. 29) the pleat is wider at 92 and narrows down to disappear at 84 and narrows down to a narrow pleat at 94 where it intersects the edge. The result is a local constriction in the groove at the curved surface 81.

The sheet may now be advanced to form the succeeding grooves at equal predetermined intervals and angular relation throughout the length of said sheet by again setting the grooves formed in the grooving die 4 in the die block 12 which function thus as registering dies to regulate the advance of the sheet and the angular disposition of the succeeding grooves. If the grooves are positioned at an acute angle to each other, the advance of the sheet to position the grooves into the die blocks 12 will cause an angular rotation, i. e., shifting, of the entire longitudinal length of the sheet through an acute angle equal to that between the center lines of the die blocks l2. This is somewhat inconvenient and a slow operation. We have increased the speed of the operation by using the indexing dies 23 which are adjusted as described above by setting the curved grooved foil sheet after forming in the blocks l5 and 28 in' the dies 28. The sheet is automatically advanced and rotated through the desired angle described above to place the groove formed in the die 4 in the die blocks 12 and IS. the position of the first groove formed in the front edge of the sheet and the index blocks 23 position each succeeding groove in I! and automatically index the sheet to form the groove at the desired spatial and angular relation to the preceding grooves.

It will be observed, because the width between the outer faces of the holding and forming blocks 41 are at least equal to the interval between the center line of the grooves of the female die blocks 12 and 4, that the sheet is continuously formed into a compound flat and curved flange along each longitudinal edge. The grooves will be on the surfaces which are developed, since they bear the necessary relation to each other equivalent to the generating lines of these surfaces. Thus, if the grooves are at an equal angle to each other, the sheet is rotated angularly as the groove is moved from the die groove II to the indexing die 23. the angle of rotation being eq"al to theangle between these die grooves.

The grooves form rigidifying reinforcements extending across the width and along the length of the sheet. The pleated ends cause local stiffening at the edges and at both sides of the cupped curved flanges to hold the shape of the curved flange during fabrication and further handling. A foil sheet such as one described above is flimsy and distorts easily and is easily cracked in handling by cold working. The fact that the curved surfaces between the pleats are smooth and substantialiy unwrinkled and therefore are not coldworked between the pleats is a material factor in reducing the number of sheets that show cracks at these localities after fabrication into blankets. This is a matter of utmost importance, since even a minute crack will permit entry of fuel into the interior of the blanket when used as a blanket for the tail pipe of a jet engine. The fuel may gasify and ignite, causing an explosion within the confines of the blanket and a disastrous fire.

The use of the grooved sheet with curved end 81 will be illustrated by reference to its function in the fabrication of blankets with fibrous material such as fiber glass or siliceous fiber batting.

As is illustrated in Figs. 34-38, the blanket is formed by using a flat foil 81 and placing batts 98, which may be siliceous or glass fibers, and

a batt 91 of either of the two or any number of such batts with intermediate foil sheets. as the nature of the blanket requires.

The sheet 83 is laid on top of the batt 81 with the bottom of the groove 86 against the batt and with the grooves extending in the direction of the generating line of the developed surface of the form to be covered by the blanket. All of the lateral edges and the ends 88 and the edges of the foil 98 are tack-welded, seamwelded, and over-folded. and welded in similar manner to form a completely enclosed and sealed envelope for the fibrous batting. In so doing. the grooves 88 are pressed into the batting so that the batting puffs up and fills in between the grooves 88. At the lateral edges the curved portion 81 permits the batting to maintain its full thickness to the lateral edge. This is important Thus, the die blocks 12 index i 9 because the insulating quality of the blanket is diminished by the compression of the edgesof the batting where, except for this cupping. the ends would be so compressed as to cause a crushing of and powdering of the fibers. The blankets between the cupped edges are flat and may be stacked one on top of the other smoothly.

It will be observed that the blanket can now be placed over the surface of which it was a development. By allowing for the depth and the number and spacing of grooves in layin out the sheet, when laid with the grooved foil against the surface to be insulated, the blanket and foil bend without wrinkling or cracking of the foil to contact the surface, the foil bending at the grooves which act as hinged joints' extending the full width of the blanket We may also provide openings I suitably sealed for passage of any structural projecting part and also provide lacing hooks I00 and H for mounting on the conical pipe, as in Fig. 35, or the cylindrical pipe, as in 38, or on any other structure of desired shape.

It will be observed that at the ends of the blanket where no extra precautions are taken to form a curved end at the seal, the blanket is over-folded when laced so that an extra thickngss tof blanket is provided for added insulating e ec While we have described a particular embodiment of our invention for the purpose of illustration, it should be understood that various modiiications and adaptations thereof may be made within the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

We claim:

- i. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member and curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved edge forming dies, the center line of said grooves of each of said curved grooved female dies being positioned on a line and spaced from the female grooving die, a male grooving die member mating with said female grooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said female edge forming die, a male pleating die, entering between the holding die member and mating with the curved groove of said female edge forming die, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing 10 I each side of said female edge forming grooved pleating die, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the edge forming grooved pleating die, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die member into said female groovcurved holding surfaces positioned in each side and entering said male grooving die members into said female grooving die members, means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members to subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member into the mating female pleating die member.

2. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved female pleating die member, curved holding surfaces positioned in each side of said curved female grooved pleating die. the center line of said grooves of each of said edge forming pleating die being positioned on a line at an acute angle to the center line of said female grooving die member, male grooving die member mating with said female grooving die, a

male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on of said curved female grooved die, a flat surface positioned at the extension of said curved holding surfaces and said curved grooved female pleating die member, the center line of said grooves of each of said edge forming and pleating dies being positioned on a line and spaced from the female grooving die, male grooving die members mating with said grooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding die mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said female edge forming die, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the female edge forming grooved pleating die, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die members into said female grooving die members, and means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating female pleating die member.

4. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said forming dies comprising a curved female grooved pleating die member, curved holding surfaces positioned in each side of said curved female grooved die. a flat surface positioned at the extension of said curved holding surfaces and said curved grooved female pleating die member, the center line of said grooves of each of said edge forming pleating dies being positioned on a line at an acute angle to the center line of said female grooving die member, a male grooving die member mating with said grooving die and male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said female edge forming die, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the edge forming groove die, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die members into said female grooving die member, and means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently to enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating female pleating die member.

5. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies,

female grooving die, male grooving die member mating with said grooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding ,dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each'side of said female pleating dies, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the edge forminggroove die, means for resiliently mounting said male holding die members, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die members into'said female grooving die members, means for advancing and retracting said male die members, said means including means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating female pleating die member.

6. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming offoil, which comprises anelongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member, curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved die, the center line of said grooves of each of said edge forming die being positioned on a line at an acute angle to the center line of said female grooving die member, male grooving di member mating with said grooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said female edge forming die, means for resiliently mounting said male holding die members, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the grooved edge forming die, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die member in said female grooving die member, means for advancing and retracting said male die members, said means including means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating female pleating die member.

7. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member and curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved die, a flat surface positioned at the extension of said curved holding surfaces and said curved grooved die member, the center line of said grooves of each of said edge forming dies being positioned on a line and spaced from the female grooving die, male grooving die member mating with said grooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said female edge forming die, means for resiliently mounting said male holding die members, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the grooved edge forming die, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die members into said female grooving die members, means for advancing and retracting said male die members, said means including means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male edge forming die member in the mating grooved female edge forming die member.

8. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies. each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member and curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved die, a flat surface positioned at the extension of said curved holding surfaces and said curved grooved female die member, the center line of said grooves of each of said edge forming die being positioned on a line at an acute angle to the center line of said female grooving die member, a male grooving die member mating with said female grooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each Side of said grooved female edge forming die,

means for resiliently mounting said male holding di members, a male edge forming die entering between the holding die member and mating with the female grooved edge forming die, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die members into said female grooving die member, and means for advancing and retracting said male die members, said means including means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male edge forming die member in the mating female edge forming die member.

9. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprise an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member and curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved dies, the center line of said grooves and each of said edge forming dies being positioned on a line and spaced from the female grooving die, male grooving di members mating with said female grooving die, a. male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said female edge forming dies and a male pleating die. entering between the holding die members and mating with the grooved edge forming female die, a pair of indexing dies, each of said dies having a grooved die member of curvature similar to the curved grooved female edge forming die and having adjacent curved surfaces on each side of said groove of said indexing dies of a curvature like the curvature of the curved surfaces adjacent the curved groove of the female edge forming die, one of said indexing dies being adjacent each of the grooved female edge forming dies, the center lines of the grooves of said indexing dies being on a line having an angle equal to the angle between the center line of the female grooving die and the center line of the grooves. of the female edge forming die and said indexing dies being longitudinally spaced on said center lines equal to the longitudinal spacing of the grooved female edge forming dies, on the center line of the grooves of said female edge forming dies, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die members into said female grooving die member, and means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members to subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating grooved female edge forming die members.

10. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies,

each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member, curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved dies, the center line of said grooves of each of said edge forming dies being positioned on a line at an acute angle to the center line of said female grooving die member, a male grooving die member mating with said female grooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaceson each side of said female edge forming die and a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the grooved female edge forming die, a pair of indexing dies, each of said dies having a grooved die member of curvature similar to the curved grooved female pleating die and having adjacent curved surfaces on each side of said groove of said indexing dies of a curvature like the curvature of the curved surfaces adjacent the curved groove of the female edge forming die, one of said indexing dies being adjacent each of the female edge forming dies and the center lines of the grooves of said indexing dies being on a line having an angle equal to the angle between the center line of the female grooving die and the center line of the grooves of the female edge forming die, said indexing dies being longitudinally spaced on their said center line equal to the longitudinal spacing of the female edge forming dies on the center line of the grooves of said edge forming dies, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die member into said female grooving die member; and means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating grooved female edge forming die member.

11. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member and curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved die, a flat surface positioned at the extension of said curved holding surfaces and said curved grooved die member, the center line of said grooves of each of said female edge forming dies being positioned on a line and spaced from the female grooving die, male grooving die members mating with said female grooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said grooved female edge forming die, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the grooved female edge forming die, a pair of indexing dies, each of said indexing dies having a grooved die member of curvature similar to the curved grooved female edge forming die and having adjacent curved surfaces on each side of said groove of said indexing dies of a curvature like the curvature of the curved surfaces adjacent the curved groove of the female edge forming die.

one of said indexing dies being adjacent each of the female edge forming dies and the center lines of the grooves of said indexing dies being on a line having an angle equal to the angle between the center line of the grooving die and the center line of the grooves of the edge forming dies and said indexing dies bing longitudinally spaced on their said center line equal to the iongitudinal spacing of the female edge forming dies on the center line of the grooves of said edge forming dies, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die members into said female grooving die members, and means to sequentially'engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating female edge forming die member.

12. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member and curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved die, a flat surface positioned at the extension of said curved holding surfaces and said curved grooved female die member, the center line of said grooves of each of said female edge forming dies being positioned on a line at an acute angle to the center line of said female grooving die member, male grooving die mem-' bers mating with said female grooving die and male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said grooved female edge forming die, a male pleating die enteringbetween the holding die members and mating with the grooved female edge forming die, a pair of indexing dies, each of said indexing dies having a grooved die member of curvature similar to the curved grooved female edge forming die and having adjacent curved surfaces on each side of said groove of said indexing dies of a curvature like the curvature of the curved surfaces adjacent the curved groove of the female edge forming die, one of said indexing dies being adjacent each of the female edge forming dies and the center lines of the grooves of said indexing dies being on a line having an angle equal to the angle between the center line of the female grooving die and the center line of the grooves of the female edge forming die, said indexing dies being longitudinally spaced on their center lines equal to the ion-- gitudinal spacing of the female edge forming dies on the center line of the grooves of said female edge forming dies, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die members into said female grooving die memher, and means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member into the mating female edge forming die member.

13. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, I each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member and curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved die, the center lines of said grooves of each of said female edge forming dies being positioned on a line and spaced from the female grooving die, a male grooving die member mating with said female grooving die and male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said grooved female edge forming dies, means for resiliently mounting said male holding die members, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the grooved female edge forming die. a pair of indexing dies, each of said indexing dies having a grooved die member of curvature similar to the curved grooved female edge forming die and having adjacent curved surfaces on each side of said groove of said indexing dies of a curvature like the curvature of the curved surfaces adjacent the curved groove female edge forming die, one of said indexing dies being ad- Jacent each of the female edge forming dies and the center line of the grooves of said indexing dies being on a line having an angle equal to the angle between the center line of the grooving die and the center line of the grooves of the female edge forming die, said indexing dies being longitudinally spaced on their said center lines equal of said female edge forming dies, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die members into said female grooving die members, and means for advancing and retracting said male die members, said means including means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating grooved female edge forming die member.

14. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said edge forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member, curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved die, the center line of said grooves of each of said female edge forming die being positioned on a line at an acute angle to the center line of said female grooving die member, a male grooving die member mating with said grooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said grooved female edge forming mounting said male holding die members, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the grooved female edge forming die, a pair of indexing dies, each of said indexing dies having a grooved die mem ber of curvature similar to the curved grooved female edge forming die and having adjacent curved surfaces on each side of said groove of said indexing dies of a curvature like the curvature of the curved surfaces adjacent the curved groove of the female edge forming die, one of said indexing dies being adjacent each of the female edge forming dies and the center lines of the grooves of said indexing dies being on a line having an angle equal to the angle between the center line of the grooving die and the center line of the grooves of the female edge forming die and said indexing dies being longitudinally spaced on said center lines equal to the longitudinal spacing of the female edge forming dies on the center line of the grooves of said female edge forming dies, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die member into said female grooving die member, and means for advancing and retracting said male die members, said means including means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating grooved female edge forming die member.

15. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said edge forming dies comprising a die, means for resiliently to the longitudinal spacing of the female edge forming dies on the center line of the grooves curved female grooved die member and curved' holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved die, a flat surface positioned at the extension of said curved holding surfaces and said curved female grooved die member, the center line of said grooves of each of said female edge forming dies being positioned on a line and spaced from the female grooving die, male grooving die members mating with said femalegrooving die, a male edge forming die comprising a pair of holding dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said grooved female edge forming die, means for resiliently mounting said male holding die members, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the grooved female edge forming die, a pair of indexing dies.

each of said indexing dies having a grooved die member of curvature similar to the curved grooved female edge forming die and having adjacent curved surfaces on each side of said groove of said indexing dies of a curvature like the curvature of the curved surfaces adjacent the curved groove of the female edge forming die, one of said indexing dies being adjacent each of the female edge forming dies and the center lines of the grooves of said indexing dies being on a line having an angle equal to the angle between the center line of the grooving die and the center line of the grooves of the female edge forming die, said indexing dies being longitudinally spaced on their said center lines equal to the longitudinal spacing of the female edge forming dies on the center line of the grooves of said female edge forming dies, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die member into said female grooving die member, and means for advancing and retracting said male die members, said means including means to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member in the mating female edge forming die member.

16. A machine for grooving, pleating, and edge forming of foil, which comprises an elongated female grooving die, a pair of edge forming dies, each of said forming dies comprising a curved female grooved die member and curved holding surfaces positioned on each side of said curved female grooved die, a flat surface positioned at the extension of said curved holding surfaces and said curved female grooved die member, the center line of said grooves of each of said female edge forming die being positioned on a line at an acute angle to the center line of said female grooving die member, a male grooving die member mating with said female grooving die, male edge forming die comprising a pair of holdin dies mating with the holding die surfaces on each side of said grooved female edge forming die, means for resiliently mounting said male holding die member, a male pleating die entering between the holding die members and mating with the female edge forming groove die, a pair of indexing dies, each of said indexing dies having a grooved die member of curvature similar to the curved female grooved edge forming die and having adjacent curved surfaces on each side of said groove of said indexing dies of a curvature like the curvature of the curved surfaces adjacent the curved groove of the female edge forming die, one of said indexing dies being adjacent each of the female edge forming dies and the center lines of the grooves of said indexing dies being on a line having an angle equal to the angle between the center line of the grooving die and the center line of the grooves of the female edge forming die and said indexing dies being longitudinally spaced on said center lines equal to the longitudinal spacing of the female edge forming dies on the center line of the grooves of said female edge forming dies, means to position a sheet of material over said female die members, means for advancing and entering said male grooving die member into said female grooving die member, and means for advancing and retracting {said male die members, said means including m'eans to sequentially engage the female and male holding die members and subsequently enter and engage the male pleating die member -in the mating female edge forming die member.

ALBERT S. BIORDI.

JACK M. WARNER. go

References Cited in the file 01' this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Number Name Date Francis June 2, 1863 Fischer Dec. 14, 1880 Milner Aug. 8, 1922 Atkinson July 24, 1923 Fraser May 4, 1937 Tangermann Apr. 30, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Switzerland Aug. 16, 1922 

